"I had no faith in a theory that ran completely counter to our Copenhagen conception."
This led to much easier calculations and more familiar visualizations of atomic events than did Heisenberg's matrix mechanics, where the energy was found in an abstruse calculation. Just as a piano string has a fixed tone, so an electron-wave would have a fixed quantum of energy. Drawing on this idea, to which Einstein had lent his support, Schrödinger attributed the quantum energies of the electron orbits in the old quantum theory of the atom to the vibration frequencies of electron "matter waves" around the atom's nucleus. French physicist Louis de Broglie had suggested that not only light but also matter might behave like a wave. They gladly welcomed Schrödinger's alternative wave mechanics when it appeared in early 1926, since it entailed more familiar concepts and equations, and it seemed to do away with quantum jumps and discontinuities. Most physicists were slow to accept "matrix mechanics" because of its abstract nature and its unfamiliar mathematics. Heisenberg's route to uncertainty lies in a debate that began in early 1926 between Heisenberg and his closest colleagues on the one hand, who espoused the "matrix" form of quantum mechanics, and Erwin Schrödinger and his colleagues on the other, who espoused the new "wave mechanics." "I knew of theory, of course, but I felt discouraged, not to say repelled, by the methods of transcendental algebra, which appeared difficult to me, and by the lack of visualizability." The origins of uncertainty entail almost as much personality as they do physics. Listen to Heisnberg's early thoughts on the uncertainty principle.Heisenberg's conclusions on the impact on physics.
In a nutshell: Dresden Codak's cartoon "Lil' Werner".An account of a supporting thought experiment.Uncertainty relations expressed mathematically.Because of the scientific and philosophical implications of the seemingly harmless sounding uncertainty relations, physicists speak of an uncertainty principle, which is often called more descriptively the "principle of indeterminacy." This page focuses on the origins of Heisenberg's uncertainty relations and principle. This relation has profound implications for such fundamental notions as causality and the determination of the future behavior of an atomic particle.
This is a succinct statement of the "uncertainty relation" between the position and the momentum (mass times velocity) of a subatomic particle, such as an electron.
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